What Causes Indoor Air Quality Problems?

Indoor Air Quality Problems with indoor air quality arise when pollutants contaminate the air inside our homes, workplaces, and other enclosed spaces. Contrary to popular belief, indoor air pollution can be more dangerous than outdoor pollution, especially since indoor spaces tend to trap contaminants and limit ventilation.

These pollutants can cause a wide range of health issues—from short-term symptoms like nausea, dizziness, and eye irritation to long-term respiratory illnesses, allergies, and other chronic conditions.

Common Indoor Air Pollutants and Their Health Effects

Indoor air can harbor a wide range of harmful pollutants—many of which come from everyday household items and activities. These substances may be invisible or odorless, but they can have serious health effects when exposure is prolonged or concentrated in poorly ventilated environments.

Below are some of the most common indoor air pollutants, their sources, and the risks they pose to your health:

1. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

Sources:

  • Paints

  • Varnishes

  • Cleaning products

  • Building materials

  • Glue and adhesives

  • Office equipment

Health Effects:

  • Headaches

  • Nausea

  • Dizziness

  • Eye, nose, and throat irritation

2. Carbon Monoxide (CO)

Sources:

  • Gas-burning appliances (e.g., furnaces, stoves)

  • Cigarettes

  • Vehicle exhaust in attached garages

Description:
An odorless, colorless gas that is highly toxic even at low concentrations.

Health Effects:

  • Nausea

  • Dizziness

  • Unconsciousness

  • Death (at high exposure levels)

Prevention Tip:
Install carbon monoxide detectors in your home—especially near sleeping areas and gas appliances.

3. Asbestos

Sources:

  • Older building materials (insulation, ceiling tiles, flooring)

  • Automotive components

  • Paints and coatings (pre-ban)

Health Effects:

  • Lung scarring

  • Respiratory conditions

  • Mesothelioma and other forms of lung cancer

Note:
Asbestos use is banned in most new U.S. products, but it may still be present in homes built before the 1980s.

4. Radon

Sources:

  • Natural breakdown of uranium in soil and rock beneath buildings

  • Some building materials

Description:
A radioactive, odorless, and colorless gas that can seep into homes through foundations and cracks.

Health Effects:

  • Radon decay products can attach to lung tissue and lead to lung cancer

Tip:
Have your home tested for radon—especially in areas with known geological risks.

5. Smoke

Sources:

  • Cigarettes

  • Fireplaces

  • Wood-burning stoves

  • Cooking

Health Effects:

  • Coughing

  • Wheezing

  • Increased phlegm

  • Exacerbation of asthma and bronchitis

  • Increased risk of respiratory infections

6. Mold and Mildew

Sources:

  • Moist, damp areas (bathrooms, basements, kitchens)

  • Poorly ventilated homes

Health Effects:

  • Allergic reactions

  • Asthma flare-ups

  • Respiratory infections

  • Chronic sinus issues

Prevention Tip:
Use dehumidifiers and ventilation fans to control moisture levels.

7. Formaldehyde

Sources:

  • Pressed wood furniture

  • Carpets and textiles

  • Household cleaners

  • Some shampoos and cosmetics

Health Effects:

  • Eye, throat, and nose irritation

  • Dizziness and nausea

  • Long-term exposure is linked to cancer (classified as carcinogenic by the U.S. EPA)

The Role of Ventilation

Poor ventilation and high humidity trap pollutants indoors, allowing them to accumulate and worsen over time. Proper airflow, moisture control, and regular HVAC maintenance are essential to improving and maintaining healthy indoor air quality.

Expert Heating & Cooling Services

Airmax Heating and Air Conditioning is an expert HVAC company serving Burbank and the surrounding areas. Contact us today and let’s discuss ways to improve your indoor air quality!

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